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Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)

Tracheoesophageal fistula (tra·​cheo·​esoph·​a·​ge·​al - fis·​tu·​la) is a rare congenital (present at birth) defect. When an infant has a tracheoesophageal fistula, there are one or more abnormal connections between the child’s esophagus and trachea. The infant usually has problems with swallowing and eating. 

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What is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

The tracheoesophageal fistula  (TEF) allows liquid and stomach acid from the esophagus to pass to the trachea, causing pneumonia and other complications. Many newborns with tracheoesophageal fistula also have congenital heart defects, kidney and urinary tract problems and muscular or skeletal problems.

What are the different types of tracheoesophageal fistulas?

There are five catagories of tracheoesophageal fistulas (TFE). Type C is the most common.

Pracheoesophageal fistula in children - Children's Health

What are the signs and symptoms of a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF)?

Doctors usually note signs of tracheoesophageal fistula soon after birth.

Symptoms include:

  • Cough or choke upon feeding
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Distended abdomen
  • Frothy, white bubbles in their mouths

How is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) diagnosed?

Imaging studies often can detect tracheoesophageal fistula.

How is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) treated?

Newborns with a tracheoesophageal fistula require surgery to repair the connections between the esophagus and trachea and prevent complications. Some infants require multiple surgeries.

Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) doctors and providers