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Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD)
What are atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD)?
An atrioventricular septal defect (atrio·ven·tric·u·lar - sep·tal de·fect) or AVSD is a congenital (present at birth) heart defect that occurs when a hole or holes are present in the heart wall, and the valves that control blood flow between the chambers are incorrectly formed.
Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD), also known as atrioventricular canal defects or endocardial cushion defects, cause blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body not to be properly controlled. Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) can lead to the blood having less oxygen or too much blood flowing into the lungs. Atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) are most common in infants with Down syndrome.
Risk factors
Approximately 15 to 20 percent of newborns with Down syndrome will have an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD).
What are the different types of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD)?
- Partial or incomplete AVSD - When the hole or holes are near the center of the heart.
- Complete AVSD - When there is a large hole in the center of the heart.
What are the signs and symptoms of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD)?
- Heart murmur (irregular heartbeat)
- Weak pulse
- Sweating
- Poor/stunted growth
- Frequent respiratory infections
- General fatigue (tiredness)
- Shortness of breath
- Fast heartbeat
- Become easily tired while playing
- Swelling of legs and belly
In more extreme cases - cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin, fingernails and mouth due to lack of oxygen) or congestive heart failure.
What are the causes of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD)?
Causes of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD) are still relatively unknown, but may include genetic and environmental factors. Babies born with Down syndrome may also have chromosomal trigger.