Pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)

What is pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?

The immune system naturally creates antibodies to ward off bacteria, viruses and other foreign particles. In children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) the antibodies attack blood vessels instead. This causes blood vessels to become inflamed (called IgA vasculitis) and leak blood into the skin and other organs

Inflamed blood vessels cause a rash that looks like small bruises, called purpura, usually seen on the legs and buttocks. HSP can also affect the kidneys, digestive tract and joints. 

When these antibodies deposit in the kidneys, they damage the blood vessels there, causing the kidneys to not absorb blood and protein to build up in urine.

What are the signs and symptoms of pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?

The most common and noticeable symptom of HSP is a rash that looks like small bruises, typically on the legs or buttocks.

Other symptoms include:

• Joint pain and swelling

• Headache

• Protein and blood in urine (the blood may not be visible)

• Stomach pain and vomiting

• Swollen testicles

What are the causes of pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP)?

Several factors can trigger the immune response that leads to HSP:

• Exposure to cold weather

• Foods

• Infections such as:

  • Chicken pox

  • Measles

  • Hepatitis

  • HIV

• Insect bites

• Certain medications

• Trauma

The exact cause of HSP has not been identified.